__ involves allocating ownership of the risk to another party.

__ involves allocating ownership of the risk to another party.

a. Risk exploitation
b. Risk sharing
c. Risk enhancement
d. Risk acceptance


Answer: Risk sharing

___ involves shifting the consequence of a risk and responsibility for its management to a third party.

___ involves shifting the consequence of a risk and responsibility for its management to a third party.

a. Risk avoidance
b. Risk acceptance
c. Risk transference
d. Risk mitigation


Answer: Risk transference

____ analysis simulates a model's outcome many times to provide a statistical distribution of the calculated results.

____ analysis simulates a model's outcome many times to provide a statistical distribution of the calculated results.

a. Decision tree
b. EMV
c. Monte Carlo
d. Watch list


Answer: Monte Carlo

A(n) ____ is a diagramming analysis technique used to help select the best course of action in situations in which future outcomes are uncertain.

A(n) ____ is a diagramming analysis technique used to help select the best course of action in situations in which future outcomes are uncertain.

a. decision tree
b. EMV
c. Monte Carlo analysis
d. watch list



Answer: decision tree

___ are/is a qualitative risk analysis tool, and in addition to identifying risks, it maintains an awareness of risks throughout the life of a project.

___ are/is a qualitative risk analysis tool, and in addition to identifying risks, it maintains an awareness of risks throughout the life of a project.

a. Risk factor analysis
b. Probability/impact matrices or charts
c. Risk registering
d. Top Ten Risk Item Tracking


Answer: Top Ten Risk Item Tracking

A project manager can chart the probability and impact of risks on a ____.

A project manager can chart the probability and impact of risks on a ____.

a. risk ranking chart
b. risk probability table
c. probability/impact matrix
d. risk assessment matrix



Answer: probability/impact matrix

A(n) ____ represents decision problems by displaying essential elements, including decisions, uncertainties, causality, and objectives, and how they influence each other.

A(n) ____ represents decision problems by displaying essential elements, including decisions, uncertainties, causality, and objectives, and how they influence each other.

a. risk breakdown structure
b. influence diagram
c. process flow chart
d. system flow chart


Answer: influence diagram

Poor conflict management, poor project organization and definition of responsibilities, and absence of leadership are risk conditions associated with the ____ project management knowledge area.

Poor conflict management, poor project organization and definition of responsibilities, and absence of leadership are risk conditions associated with the ____ project management knowledge area.

a. Integration
b. Quality
c. Time
d. Human Resources



Answer: Human Resources

"If the information technology project is to produce a new product or service, will it be useful to the organization or marketable to others?" applies to which risk category? ____

"If the information technology project is to produce a new product or service, will it be useful to the organization or marketable to others?" applies to which risk category? ____

a. Financial risk
b. Technology risk
c. Structure/process risk
d. Market risk



Answer: Market risk

____ are developed for risks that have a high impact on meeting project objectives, and are put into effect if attempts to reduce the risk are not effective.

____ are developed for risks that have a high impact on meeting project objectives, and are put into effect if attempts to reduce the risk are not effective.

a. Fallback plans
b. Contingency reserves
c. Contingency plans
d. Contingency allowances


Answer: Fallback plans

___ are predefined actions that the project team will take if an identified risk event occurs.

___ are predefined actions that the project team will take if an identified risk event occurs.

a. Fallback plans
b. Contingency reserves
c. Contingency plans
d. Contingency allowances


Answer: Contingency plans

___ involves monitoring identified and residual risks, identifying new risks, carrying out risk response plans, and evaluating the effectiveness of risk strategies throughout the life of the project.

____ involves monitoring identified and residual risks, identifying new risks, carrying out risk response plans, and evaluating the effectiveness of risk strategies throughout the life of the project.

a. Performing quantitative risk analysis
b. Planning risk responses
c. Monitoring and controlling risk
d. Performing qualitative risk analysis



Answer: Monitoring and controlling risk

____ involves numerically estimating the effects of risks on project objectives.

____ involves numerically estimating the effects of risks on project objectives.

a. Performing qualitative risk analysis
b. Planning risk responses
c. Planning risk management
d. Performing quantitative risk analysis


Answer: Performing quantitative risk analysis

____ involves prioritizing risks based on their probability and impact of occurrence.

____ involves prioritizing risks based on their probability and impact of occurrence.

a. Performing qualitative risk analysis
b. Planning risk management
c. Planning risk responses
d. Performing quantitative risk analysis


Answer: Performing qualitative risk analysis

Those who are ____ have a higher tolerance for risk, and their satisfaction increases when more payoff is at stake.

Those who are ____ have a higher tolerance for risk, and their satisfaction increases when more payoff is at stake.

a. risk-seeking
b. risk-averse
c. risk-neutral
d. risk-indifferent


Answer: risk-seeking

William Ibbs and Young H. Kwak's study revealed that the ____ industry had the lowest level of project management maturity in the area of quality management.

William Ibbs and Young H. Kwak's study revealed that the ____ industry had the lowest level of project management maturity in the area of quality management.

a. engineering/construction
b. telecommunications
c. information systems
d. high-tech manufacturing


Answer: information systems

___ helps integrate traditionally separate organizational functions, set process improvement goals and priorities, provide guidance for quality processes, and provide a point of reference for appraising current processes.

___ helps integrate traditionally separate organizational functions, set process improvement goals and priorities, provide guidance for quality processes, and provide a point of reference for appraising current processes.

a. SQFD
b. CMM
c. SQMMI
d. CMMI



Answer: CMMI

____, a quality system standard developed by the ISO, is a three-part, continuous cycle of planning, controlling, and documenting quality in an organization.

____, a quality system standard developed by the ISO, is a three-part, continuous cycle of planning, controlling, and documenting quality in an organization.

a. IEEE 15504
b. ISO 9000
c. IEEE 9000
d. ISO 15504


Answer: ISO 9000

___ wrote Quality Is Free in 1979 and is best known for suggesting that organizations strive for zero defects.

___ wrote Quality Is Free in 1979 and is best known for suggesting that organizations strive for zero defects.

a. Juran
b. Ishikawa
c. Crosby
d. Deming


Answer: Crosby

Juran's final step to quality improvement is ____.

Juran's final step to quality improvement is ____.

a. organize to reach the goals (establish a quality council, identify problems, select projects, appoint teams, designate facilitators)
b. keep score
c. report progress
d. maintain momentum by making annual improvement part of the regular systems and processes of the company


Answer: maintain momentum by making annual improvement part of the regular systems and processes of the company

___ is an independent test performed by end users prior to accepting the delivered system.

___ is an independent test performed by end users prior to accepting the delivered system.

a. Integration testing
b. Unit testing
c. User acceptance testing
d. System testing



Answer: User acceptance testing

An important tool used in the ____ phase of the DMAIC process is the fishbone or Ishikawa diagram.

An important tool used in the ____ phase of the DMAIC process is the fishbone or Ishikawa diagram.

a. define
b. measure
c. analyze
d. improve



Answer: analyze

Six Sigma's target for perfection is the achievement of no more than ____ defects, errors, or mistakes per million opportunities.

Six Sigma's target for perfection is the achievement of no more than ____ defects, errors, or mistakes per million opportunities.

a. 1.34
b. 3.4
c. 34
d. 340



Answer: 3.4

A certainty factor of 1.960 is used for ____ percent desired certainty.

A certainty factor of 1.960 is used for ____ percent desired certainty.

a. 75
b. 95
c. 96
d. 99


Answer: 95

The ____ states that if seven data points in a row are all below the mean, above the mean, or are all increasing or decreasing, then the process needs to be examined for non-random problems.

The ____ states that if seven data points in a row are all below the mean, above the mean, or are all increasing or decreasing, then the process needs to be examined for non-random problems.

a. ten run rule
b. six 9s of quality rule
c. seven run rule
d. Six Sigma rule


Answer: seven run rule

A ____ is a graphic display of data that illustrates the results of a process over time.

A ____ is a graphic display of data that illustrates the results of a process over time.

a. statistical sampling chart
b. Pareto chart
c. Six Sigma chart
d. control chart


Answer: control chart

____determine(s) if the products or services produced as part of the project will be accepted or rejected.

____determine(s) if the products or services produced as part of the project will be accepted or rejected.

a. Process adjustments
b. Rework
c. Acceptance decisions
d. Auditing



Answer: Acceptance decisions

___ generates ideas for quality improvements by comparing specific project practices or product characteristics to those of other projects or products within or outside the performing organization.

___ generates ideas for quality improvements by comparing specific project practices or product characteristics to those of other projects or products within or outside the performing organization.

a. Design of experiments
b. Quality auditing
c. Testing
d. Benchmarking



Answer: Benchmarking

___ is the ability of a product or service to perform as expected under normal conditions.

___ is the ability of a product or service to perform as expected under normal conditions.

a. Reliability
b. Performance
c. Maintainability
d. Functionality


Answer: Reliability

___ is the degree to which a system performs its intended function.

___ is the degree to which a system performs its intended function.

a. Reliability
b. Performance
c. Maintainability
d. Functionality


Answer: Functionality

__ involves periodically evaluating overall project performance to ensure that the project will satisfy the relevant quality standards.

__ involves periodically evaluating overall project performance to ensure that the project will satisfy the relevant quality standards.

a. Performing quality assurance
b. Performing quality control
c. Checking quality
d. Planning quality


Answer: Performing quality assurance

____ includes identifying which quality standards are relevant to the project and how to satisfy those standards.

____ includes identifying which quality standards are relevant to the project and how to satisfy those standards.

a. Performing quality assurance
b. Performing quality control
c. Checking quality
d. Planning quality


Answer: Planning quality

___ means the project's processes and products meet written specifications.

___ means the project's processes and products meet written specifications.

a. Conformance to requirements
b. Fitness for use
c. Quality conformance
d. Documentation matching


Answer: Conformance to requirements

It took only ____ years for 50 million people to use the Internet compared to 25 years for 50 million people to use telephones.

It took only ____ years for 50 million people to use the Internet compared to 25 years for 50 million people to use telephones.

a. three
b. five
c. seven
d. nine


Answer: five

The goal of ____ is to know the status of the schedule, influence the factors that cause schedule changes, determine that the schedule has changed, and manage changes when they occur.

The goal of ____ is to know the status of the schedule, influence the factors that cause schedule changes, determine that the schedule has changed, and manage changes when they occur.

a. activity duration estimating
b. schedule development
c. schedule control
d. activity resource estimating



Answer: schedule control

___ states that work expands to fill the time allowed.

___ states that work expands to fill the time allowed.

a. Murphy's Law
b. Newton's Law
c. Parkinson's Law
d. Moore's Law


Answer: Parkinson's Law

___ involves doing activities in parallel that you would normally do in sequence.

___ involves doing activities in parallel that you would normally do in sequence.

a. Crushing
b. Crashing
c. Fast tracking
d. Expediting



Answer: Fast tracking

___ is a technique for making cost and schedule trade-offs to obtain the greatest amount of schedule compression for the least incremental cost.

___ is a technique for making cost and schedule trade-offs to obtain the greatest amount of schedule compression for the least incremental cost.

a. Crushing
b. Crashing
c. Fast tracking
d. Expediting


Answer: Crashing

The critical path is the ____ path through a network diagram, and it represents the ____ time it takes to complete a project.

The critical path is the ____ path through a network diagram, and it represents the ____ time it takes to complete a project.

a. longest; longest
b. longest; shortest
c. shortest; longest
d. shortest; shortest



Answer: longest; shortest

__ provide(s) a standard format for displaying project schedule information by listing project activities and their corresponding start and finish dates in a calendar format.

___ provide(s) a standard format for displaying project schedule information by listing project activities and their corresponding start and finish dates in a calendar format.

a. Gantt charts
b. Critical path analysis
c. Critical chain scheduling
d. PERT analysis


Answer: Gantt charts

The ultimate goal of ____ is to create a realistic project schedule that provides a basis for monitoring project progress for the time dimension of the project.

The ultimate goal of ____ is to create a realistic project schedule that provides a basis for monitoring project progress for the time dimension of the project.

a. defining activities
b. sequencing activities
c. developing the schedule
d. estimating activity duration


Answer: developing the schedule

A ____ is a hierarchical structure that identifies the project's resources by category and type.

A ____ is a hierarchical structure that identifies the project's resources by category and type.

a. work breakdown structure
b. resource breakdown structure
c. network diagram
d. critical path analysis


Answer: resource breakdown structure

In a ____ relationship, one task cannot finish before another finishes.

In a ____ relationship, one task cannot finish before another finishes.

a. start-to-start
b. finish-to-start
c. finish-to-finish
d. start-to-finish


Answer: finish-to-finish

The ____ is a network diagramming technique in which boxes represent activities.

The ____ is a network diagramming technique in which boxes represent activities.

a. PDM
b. AOA
c. ADM
d. POA


Answer: PDM

___ occur when two or more activities follow a single node.

___ occur when two or more activities follow a single node.

a. Combinations
b. Conflicts
c. Merges
d. Bursts


Answer: Bursts

___ dependencies involve relationships between project and non-project activities.

___ dependencies involve relationships between project and non-project activities.

a. Mandatory
b. Discretionary
c. External
d. Internal


Answer: External

___ dependencies are inherent in the nature of the work being performed on a project.

___ dependencies are inherent in the nature of the work being performed on a project.

a. Mandatory
b. Discretionary
c. External
d. Internal


Answer: Mandatory

____ results in supporting detail to document important product information as well as assumptions and constraints related to specific activities.

____ results in supporting detail to document important product information as well as assumptions and constraints related to specific activities.

a. Defining activities
b. Sequencing activities
c. Estimating activity resources
d. Estimating activity duration


Answer: Defining activities

___ involves analyzing activity sequences, activity resource estimates, and activity duration estimates to create the project schedule.

___ involves analyzing activity sequences, activity resource estimates, and activity duration estimates to create the project schedule.

a. Estimating activity durations
b. Developing the schedule
c. Controlling the schedule
d. Estimating activity resources


Answer: Developing the schedule

The main outputs of the ____ process are an activity list, activity attributes, and milestone list.

The main outputs of the ____ process are an activity list, activity attributes, and milestone list.

a. defining activities
b. sequencing activities
c. resource estimating activities
d. duration estimating activities


Answer: defining activities

___ is a process for identifying and modeling business events, who initiated them, and how the system should respond to them.

___ is a process for identifying and modeling business events, who initiated them, and how the system should respond to them.

a. Prototyping
b. JAD
c. RAD
d. Use case modeling


Answer: Use case modeling

The ____ approach is best suited to project managers who have vast technical insight and a big-picture perspective.

The ____ approach is best suited to project managers who have vast technical insight and a big-picture perspective.

a. analogy
b. bottom-up
c. top-down
d. mind mapping


Answer: top-down

In the ____, you use a similar project's WBS as a starting point.

In the ____, you use a similar project's WBS as a starting point.

a. top-down approach
b. bottom-up approach
c. mind-mapping approach
d. analogy approach


Answer: analogy approach

A(n) ____ is a deliverable-oriented grouping of the work involved in a project that defines the total scope of the project.

A(n) ____ is a deliverable-oriented grouping of the work involved in a project that defines the total scope of the project.

a. project charter
b. business case
c. project scope statement
d. work breakdown structure


Answer: work breakdown structure

Of the following constraints, it is most difficult to describe, agree upon, and meet the ____ goal of many projects.

Of the following constraints, it is most difficult to describe, agree upon, and meet the ____ goal of many projects.

a. scope
b. time
c. cost
d. technical


Answer: scope

An up-to-date ____ is an important document for developing and confirming a common understanding of the project scope.

An up-to-date ____ is an important document for developing and confirming a common understanding of the project scope.

a. scope management plan
b. project scope statement
c. WBS
d. decomposition


Answer: project scope statement

Good ____ is very important to project success because it helps improve the accuracy of time, cost, and resource estimates, it defines a baseline for performance measurement and project control, and it aids in communicating clear work responsibilities.

Good ____ is very important to project success because it helps improve the accuracy of time, cost, and resource estimates, it defines a baseline for performance measurement and project control, and it aids in communicating clear work responsibilities.

a. scope planning
b. scope management
c. scope definition
d. scope verification


Answer: scope definition

____ involves controlling changes to project scope throughout the life of the project, which is a challenge on many information technology projects.

____ involves controlling changes to project scope throughout the life of the project, which is a challenge on many information technology projects.

a. Planning scope
b. Defining scope
c. Controlling scope
d. Verifying scope


Answer: Controlling scope

___ involves formalizing acceptance of the project deliverables and during this phase the key project stakeholders, such as the customer and sponsor for the project, inspect and then formally accept the deliverables during this process.

___ involves formalizing acceptance of the project deliverables and during this phase the key project stakeholders, such as the customer and sponsor for the project, inspect and then formally accept the deliverables during this process.

a. Planning scope
b. Defining scope
c. Controlling scope
d. Verifying scope


Answer: Verifying scope

___ involves defining and documenting the features and functions of the products produced during the project as well as the processes used for creating them.

___ involves defining and documenting the features and functions of the products produced during the project as well as the processes used for creating them.

a. Collecting requirements
b. Defining scope
c. Controlling scope
d. Verifying scope


Answer: Collecting requirements

____ tools track the execution of business process flows and expose how the state of supporting IT systems and resources is impacting end-to-end business process performance in real time.

____ tools track the execution of business process flows and expose how the state of supporting IT systems and resources is impacting end-to-end business process performance in real time.

a. BSM
b. CCB
c. CCA
d. BSC


Answer: BSM

A(n) ____ is a formal group of people responsible for approving or rejecting changes to a project.

A(n) ____ is a formal group of people responsible for approving or rejecting changes to a project.

a. CCA
b. CCB
c. CCC
d. CCD


Answer: CCB

Which of the following is an important input to the integrated change control process?

Which of the following is an important input to the integrated change control process?

a. Deliverables
b. Work performance information
c. Approved and rejected change requests
d. Approved and validated defect repair


Answer: Work performance information

____ should result in improvements in project performance.

____ should result in improvements in project performance.

a. Corrective actions
b. Corrective reports
c. Preventive actions
d. Proactive methods


Answer: Corrective actions

Most systems analysts begin their careers as ____.

Most systems analysts begin their careers as ____.

a. database administrators
b. CEOs
c. project managers
d. programmers


Answer: programmers

The project schedule information section of the project management plan might include ____.

The project schedule information section of the project management plan might include ____.

a. a detailed budget
b. key deliverables
c. a detailed schedule
d. project staffing


Answer: a detailed schedule

The ____ section of the project management plan describes specific methodologies a project might use and explains how to document information.

The ____ section of the project management plan describes specific methodologies a project might use and explains how to document information.

a. management objectives
b. project controls
c. risk management
d. technical processes


Answer: technical processes

The ____ section of the project management plan describes how to monitor project progress and handle changes.

The ____ section of the project management plan describes how to monitor project progress and handle changes.

a. management objectives
b. project controls
c. risk management
d. technical processes


Answer: project controls

A(n) ____ is a document that describes the products or services to be created by the project team.

A(n) ____ is a document that describes the products or services to be created by the project team.

a. contract
b. statement of work
c. project charter
d. business case


Answer: statement of work

The first step in determining the NPV is to ____.

The first step in determining the NPV is to ____.

a. determine the estimated costs and benefits for the life of the project and the products it produces
b. determine the discount rate
c. calculate the net present value
d. determine the cash flow


Answer: determine the estimated costs and benefits for the life of the project and the products it produces

____ are new requirements imposed by management, government, or some external influence.

____ are new requirements imposed by management, government, or some external influence.

a. Opportunities
b. Commands
c. Problems
d. Directives



Answer: Directives

One method for selecting projects based on ____ is to determine whether they first meet three important criteria: need, funding, and will.

One method for selecting projects based on ____ is to determine whether they first meet three important criteria: need, funding, and will.

a. broad organizational needs
b. using a weighted scoring model
c. implementing a balanced scorecard
d. categorizing information technology projects


Answer: broad organizational needs

Author ____, who developed the concept of the strategic value of competitive advantage, has written several books and articles on strategic planning and competition.

Author ____, who developed the concept of the strategic value of competitive advantage, has written several books and articles on strategic planning and competition.

a. James Bacon
b. Michael Porter
c. Robert Cooper
d. Carol Matlack


Answer: Michael Porter

In the ____ stage, organizations tie information technology strategy to mission and vision of organization and identify key business areas.

In the ____ stage, organizations tie information technology strategy to mission and vision of organization and identify key business areas.

a. Project Planning
b. Business Area Analysis
c. Resource Allocation
d. Information Technology Strategy Planning


Answer: Information Technology

Project Management Questions and Answer

____ are/is a qualitative risk analysis tool, and in addition to identifying risks, it maintains an awareness of risks throughout the life of a project.

a. Risk factor analysis
b. Probability/impact matrices or charts
c. Risk registering
d. Top Ten Risk Item Tracking

Answer: Top Ten Risk Item Tracking

Question: ____ are/is a qualitative risk analysis tool, and in addition to identifying risks, it maintains an awareness of risks throughout the life of a project.

A(n) ____ is a diagramming analysis technique used to help select the best course of action in situations in which future outcomes are uncertain.

a. decision tree
b. EMV
c. Monte Carlo analysis
d. watch list

Answer: decision tree

Question: A(n) ____ is a diagramming analysis technique used to help select the best course of action in situations in which future outcomes are uncertain.

____ analysis simulates a model's outcome many times to provide a statistical distribution of the calculated results.

a. Decision tree
b. EMV
c. Monte Carlo
d. Watch list

Answer: Monte Carlo

Question: __ analysis simulates a model's outcome many times to provide a statistical distribution of the calculated results.

____ involves shifting the consequence of a risk and responsibility for its management to a third party.

a. Risk avoidance
b. Risk acceptance
c. Risk transference
d. Risk mitigation

Answer: Risk transference

Question: ___ involves shifting the consequence of a risk and responsibility for its management to a third party.

___ involves allocating ownership of the risk to another party.

a. Risk exploitation
b. Risk sharing
c. Risk enhancement
d. Risk acceptance

Answer: Risk sharing

Question: _ involves allocating ownership of the risk to another party.

Project Management Questions and Answer

____ are developed for risks that have a high impact on meeting project objectives, and are put into effect if attempts to reduce the risk are not effective.

a. Fallback plans
b. Contingency reserves
c. Contingency plans
d. Contingency allowances

Answer: Fallback plans

Question: __ are developed for risks that have a high impact on meeting project objectives, and are put into effect if attempts to reduce the risk are not effective.

"If the information technology project is to produce a new product or service, will it be useful to the organization or marketable to others?" applies to which risk category? ____

a. Financial risk
b. Technology risk
c. Structure/process risk
d. Market risk

Answer: Market risk

Question: "If the information technology project is to produce a new product or service, will it be useful to the organization or marketable to others?" applies to which risk category?

Poor conflict management, poor project organization and definition of responsibilities, and absence of leadership are risk conditions associated with the ____ project management knowledge area.

a. Integration
b. Quality
c. Time
d. Human Resources

Answer: Human Resources

Question: Poor conflict management, poor project organization and definition of responsibilities, and absence of leadership are risk conditions associated with the ____ project management knowledge area.

A(n) ____ represents decision problems by displaying essential elements, including decisions, uncertainties, causality, and objectives, and how they influence each other.

a. risk breakdown structure
b. influence diagram
c. process flow chart
d. system flow chart

Answer: influence diagram

Question: A(n) ____ represents decision problems by displaying essential elements, including decisions, uncertainties, causality, and objectives, and how they influence each other.

A project manager can chart the probability and impact of risks on a ____.

a. risk ranking chart
b. risk probability table
c. probability/impact matrix
d. risk assessment matrix

Answer: probability/impact matrix

Question: A project manager can chart the probability and impact of risks on a ____.

Project Management Questions and Answer

Those who are ____ have a higher tolerance for risk, and their satisfaction increases when more payoff is at stake.

a. risk-seeking
b. risk-averse
c. risk-neutral
d. risk-indifferent

Answer: risk-seeking

Question: Those who are ____ have a higher tolerance for risk, and their satisfaction increases when more payoff is at stake.

____ involves prioritizing risks based on their probability and impact of occurrence.

a. Performing qualitative risk analysis
b. Planning risk management
c. Planning risk responses
d. Performing quantitative risk analysis

Answer: Performing qualitative risk analysis

Question: ___ involves prioritizing risks based on their probability and impact of occurrence.

____ involves numerically estimating the effects of risks on project objectives.

a. Performing qualitative risk analysis
b. Planning risk responses
c. Planning risk management
d. Performing quantitative risk analysis

Answer: Performing quantitative risk analysis

Question: ___ involves numerically estimating the effects of risks on project objectives.

____ involves monitoring identified and residual risks, identifying new risks, carrying out risk response plans, and evaluating the effectiveness of risk strategies throughout the life of the project.

a. Performing quantitative risk analysis
b. Planning risk responses
c. Monitoring and controlling risk
d. Performing qualitative risk analysis

Answer: Monitoring and controlling risk

Question: ____ involves monitoring identified and residual risks, identifying new risks, carrying out risk response plans, and evaluating the effectiveness of risk strategies throughout the life of the project.

____ are predefined actions that the project team will take if an identified risk event occurs.

a. Fallback plans
b. Contingency reserves
c. Contingency plans
d. Contingency allowances

Answer: Contingency plans

Question: ___ are predefined actions that the project team will take if an identified risk event occurs.

Project Management Questions and Answer

____ wrote Quality Is Free in 1979 and is best known for suggesting that organizations strive for zero defects.

a. Juran
b. Ishikawa
c. Crosby
d. Deming

Answer: Crosby

Question: ____ wrote Quality Is Free in 1979 and is best known for suggesting that organizations strive for zero defects.

____, a quality system standard developed by the ISO, is a three-part, continuous cycle of planning, controlling, and documenting quality in an organization.

a. IEEE 15504
b. ISO 9000
c. IEEE 9000
d. ISO 15504

Answer: ISO 9000

Question: ___, a quality system standard developed by the ISO, is a three-part, continuous cycle of planning, controlling, and documenting quality in an organization.

____ helps integrate traditionally separate organizational functions, set process improvement goals and priorities, provide guidance for quality processes, and provide a point of reference for appraising current processes.

a. SQFD
b. CMM
c. SQMMI
d. CMMI

Answer: CMMI

Question: ____ helps integrate traditionally separate organizational functions, set process improvement goals and priorities, provide guidance for quality processes, and provide a point of reference for appraising current processes.

William Ibbs and Young H. Kwak's study revealed that the ____ industry had the lowest level of project management maturity in the area of risk management.

a. engineering/construction
b. telecommunications
c. information systems
d. high-tech manufacturing

Answer: information systems

Question: William Ibbs and Young H. Kwak's study revealed that the ____ industry had the lowest level of project management maturity in the area of risk management.

William Ibbs and Young H. Kwak's study revealed that the ____ industry had the lowest level of project management maturity in the area of quality management.

a. engineering/construction 

b. telecommunications 

c. information systems

d. high-tech manufacturing

Answer: information systems

Question: William Ibbs and Young H. Kwak's study revealed that the ____ industry had the lowest level of project management maturity in the area of quality management.

Project Management Questions and Answer

A certainty factor of 1.960 is used for ____ percent desired certainty.

a. 75
b. 95
c. 96
d. 99

Answer: 95

Six Sigma's target for perfection is the achievement of no more than ____ defects, errors, or mistakes per million opportunities.

a. 1.34
b. 3.4
c. 34
d. 340

Answer: 3.4

An important tool used in the ____ phase of the DMAIC process is the fishbone or Ishikawa diagram.

a. define
b. measure
c. analyze
d. improve

Answer: analyze

____ is an independent test performed by end users prior to accepting the delivered system.

a. Integration testing
b. Unit testing
c. User acceptance testing
d. System testing

Answer: User acceptance testing

Juran's final step to quality improvement is ____.

a. organize to reach the goals (establish a quality council, identify problems, select projects, appoint teams, designate facilitators)
b. keep score
c. report progress
d. maintain momentum by making annual improvement part of the regular systems and processes of the company

Answer: maintain momentum by making annual improvement part of the regular systems and processes of the company

Project Management Questions and Answer

____ is the ability of a product or service to perform as expected under normal conditions.

a. Reliability
b. Performance
c. Maintainability
d. Functionality

Answer: Reliability

____ generates ideas for quality improvements by comparing specific project practices or product characteristics to those of other projects or products within or outside the performing organization.

a. Design of experiments
b. Quality auditing
c. Testing
d. Benchmarking

Answer: Benchmarking

____determine(s) if the products or services produced as part of the project will be accepted or rejected.

a. Process adjustments
b. Rework
c. Acceptance decisions
d. Auditing

Answer: Acceptance decisions

A ____ is a graphic display of data that illustrates the results of a process over time.

a. statistical sampling chart
b. Pareto chart
c. Six Sigma chart
d. control chart

Answer: control chart

The ____ states that if seven data points in a row are all below the mean, above the mean, or are all increasing or decreasing, then the process needs to be examined for non-random problems.

a. ten run rule
b. six 9s of quality rule
c. seven run rule
d. Six Sigma rule

Answer: seven run rule

Project Management Questions and Answer

It took only ____ years for 50 million people to use the Internet compared to 25 years for 50 million people to use telephones.

a. three
b. five
c. seven
d. nine

Answer: five

____ means the project's processes and products meet written specifications.

a. Conformance to requirements
b. Fitness for use
c. Quality conformance
d. Documentation matching

Answer: Conformance to requirements

____ includes identifying which quality standards are relevant to the project and how to satisfy those standards.

a. Performing quality assurance
b. Performing quality control
c. Checking quality
d. Planning quality

Answer: Planning quality

____ involves periodically evaluating overall project performance to ensure that the project will satisfy the relevant quality standards.

a. Performing quality assurance
b. Performing quality control
c. Checking quality
d. Planning quality

Answer: Performing quality assurance

___ is the degree to which a system performs its intended function.

a. Reliability
b. Performance
c. Maintainability
d. Functionality

Answer: Functionality

Project Management Questions and Answer

The critical path is the ____ path through a network diagram, and it represents the ____ time it takes to complete a project.

a. longest; longest
b. longest; shortest
c. shortest; longest
d. shortest; shortest

Answer: longest; shortest

____ is a technique for making cost and schedule trade-offs to obtain the greatest amount of schedule compression for the least incremental cost.

a. Crushing
b. Crashing
c. Fast tracking
d. Expediting

Answer: Crashing

____ involves doing activities in parallel that you would normally do in sequence.

a. Crushing
b. Crashing
c. Fast tracking
d. Expediting

Answer: Fast tracking

____ states that work expands to fill the time allowed.

a. Murphy's Law
b. Newton's Law
c. Parkinson's Law
d. Moore's Law

Answer: Parkinson's Law

The goal of ____ is to know the status of the schedule, influence the factors that cause schedule changes, determine that the schedule has changed, and manage changes when they occur.

a. activity duration estimating
b. schedule development
c. schedule control
d. activity resource estimating

Answer: schedule control

Project Management Questions and Answer

The ____ is a network diagramming technique in which boxes represent activities.

a. PDM
b. AOA
c. ADM
d. POA

Answer: PDM

In a ____ relationship, one task cannot finish before another finishes.

a. start-to-start
b. finish-to-start
c. finish-to-finish
d. start-to-finish

Answer: finish-to-finish

A ____ is a hierarchical structure that identifies the project's resources by category and type.

a. work breakdown structure
b. resource breakdown structure
c. network diagram
d. critical path analysis

Answer: resource breakdown structure

The ultimate goal of ____ is to create a realistic project schedule that provides a basis for monitoring project progress for the time dimension of the project.

a. defining activities
b. sequencing activities
c. developing the schedule
d. estimating activity duration
Answer: developing the schedule

____ provide(s) a standard format for displaying project schedule information by listing project activities and their corresponding start and finish dates in a calendar format.

a. Gantt charts
b. Critical path analysis
c. Critical chain scheduling
d. PERT analysis

Answer: Gantt charts

Project Management Questions and Answer

___ involves analyzing activity sequences, activity resource estimates, and activity duration estimates to create the project schedule.

a. Estimating activity durations
b. Developing the schedule
c. Controlling the schedule
d. Estimating activity resources

Answer: Developing the schedule

____ results in supporting detail to document important product information as well as assumptions and constraints related to specific activities.

a. Defining activities
b. Sequencing activities
c. Estimating activity resources
d. Estimating activity duration

Answer: Defining activities

____ dependencies are inherent in the nature of the work being performed on a project.

a. Mandatory
b. Discretionary
c. External
d. Internal

Answer: Mandatory

____ dependencies involve relationships between project and non-project activities.

a. Mandatory
b. Discretionary
c. External
d. Internal

Answer: External

____ occur when two or more activities follow a single node.

a. Combinations
b. Conflicts
c. Merges
d. Bursts

Answer: Bursts

Project Management Questions and Answer

A(n) ____ is a deliverable-oriented grouping of the work involved in a project that defines the total scope of the project.

a. project charter
b. business case
c. project scope statement
d. work breakdown structure

Answer: work breakdown structure

In the ____, you use a similar project's WBS as a starting point.

a. top-down approach
b. bottom-up approach
c. mind-mapping approach
d. analogy approach

Answer: analogy approach

The ____ approach is best suited to project managers who have vast technical insight and a big-picture perspective.

a. analogy
b. bottom-up
c. top-down
d. mind mapping

Answer: top-down

____ is a process for identifying and modeling business events, who initiated them, and how the system should respond to them.

a. Prototyping
b. JAD
c. RAD
d. Use case modeling

Answer: Use case modeling

The main outputs of the ____ process are an activity list, activity attributes, and milestone list.

a. defining activities
b. sequencing activities
c. resource estimating activities
d. duration estimating activities

Answer: defining activities

Project Management Questions and Answer

__ involves formalizing acceptance of the project deliverables and during this phase the key project stakeholders, such as the customer and sponsor for the project, inspect and then formally accept the deliverables during this process.

a. Planning scope
b. Defining scope
c. Controlling scope
d. Verifying scope

Answer: Verifying scope

____ involves controlling changes to project scope throughout the life of the project, which is a challenge on many information technology projects.

a. Planning scope
b. Defining scope
c. Controlling scope
d. Verifying scope

Answer: Controlling scope

Good ____ is very important to project success because it helps improve the accuracy of time, cost, and resource estimates, it defines a baseline for performance measurement and project control, and it aids in communicating clear work responsibilities.

a. scope planning
b. scope management
c. scope definition
d. scope verification

Answer: scope definition

An up-to-date ____ is an important document for developing and confirming a common understanding of the project scope.

a. scope management plan
b. project scope statement
c. WBS
d. decomposition

Answer: project scope statement

Of the following constraints, it is most difficult to describe, agree upon, and meet the ____ goal of many projects.

a. scope
b. time
c. cost
d. technical

Answer: scope

Project Management Questions and Answer

____ should result in improvements in project performance.

a. Corrective actions
b. Corrective reports
c. Preventive actions
d. Proactive methods

Answer: Corrective actions

Which of the following is an important input to the integrated change control process?

a. Deliverables
b. Work performance information
c. Approved and rejected change requests
d. Approved and validated defect repair

Answer: Work performance information

A(n) ____ is a formal group of people responsible for approving or rejecting changes to a project.

a. CCA
b. CCB
c. CCC
d. CCD

Answer: CCB

____ tools track the execution of business process flows and expose how the state of supporting IT systems and resources is impacting end-to-end business process performance in real time.

a. BSM
b. CCB
c. CCA
d. BSC

Answer: BSM

____ involves defining and documenting the features and functions of the products produced during the project as well as the processes used for creating them.

a. Collecting requirements
b. Defining scope
c. Controlling scope
d. Verifying scope

Answer: Collecting requirements

Project Management Questions and Answer

A(n) ____ is a document that describes the products or services to be created by the project team.

a. contract
b. statement of work
c. project charter
d. business case

Answer: statement of work

The ____ section of the project management plan describes how to monitor project progress and handle changes.

a. management objectives
b. project controls
c. risk management
d. technical processes

Answer: project controls

The ____ section of the project management plan describes specific methodologies a project might use and explains how to document information.

a. management objectives
b. project controls
c. risk management
d. technical processes

Answer: technical processes

The project schedule information section of the project management plan might include ____.

a. a detailed budget
b. key deliverables
c. a detailed schedule
d. project staffing

Answer: a detailed schedule

Most systems analysts begin their careers as ____.

a. database administrators
b. CEOs
c. project managers
d. programmers

Answer: programmers

Project Management Questions and Answer

In the ____ stage, organizations tie information technology strategy to mission and vision of organization and identify key business areas.

a. Project Planning
b. Business Area Analysis
c. Resource Allocation
d. Information Technology Strategy Planning

Answer: Information Technology

Author ____, who developed the concept of the strategic value of competitive advantage, has written several books and articles on strategic planning and competition.

a. James Bacon
b. Michael Porter
c. Robert Cooper
d. Carol Matlack

Answer: Michael Porter

One method for selecting projects based on ____ is to determine whether they first meet three important criteria: need, funding, and will.

a. broad organizational needs
b. using a weighted scoring model
c. implementing a balanced scorecard
d. categorizing information technology projects

Answer: broad organizational needs

____ are new requirements imposed by management, government, or some external influence.

a. Opportunities
b. Commands
c. Problems
d. Directives

Answer: Directives

The first step in determining the NPV is to ____.

a. determine the estimated costs and benefits for the life of the project and the products it produces
b. determine the discount rate
c. calculate the net present value
d. determine the cash flow

Answer: determine the estimated costs and benefits for the life of the project and the products it produces