In the ____ stage, organizations tie information technology strategy to mission and vision of organization and identify key business areas.
a. Project Planningb. Business Area Analysis
c. Resource Allocation
d. Information Technology Strategy Planning
Answer: Information Technology
Author ____, who developed the concept of the strategic value of competitive advantage, has written several books and articles on strategic planning and competition.
a. James Baconb. Michael Porter
c. Robert Cooper
d. Carol Matlack
Answer: Michael Porter
One method for selecting projects based on ____ is to determine whether they first meet three important criteria: need, funding, and will.
a. broad organizational needsb. using a weighted scoring model
c. implementing a balanced scorecard
d. categorizing information technology projects
Answer: broad organizational needs
____ are new requirements imposed by management, government, or some external influence.
a. Opportunitiesb. Commands
c. Problems
d. Directives
Answer: Directives
The first step in determining the NPV is to ____.
a. determine the estimated costs and benefits for the life of the project and the products it producesb. determine the discount rate
c. calculate the net present value
d. determine the cash flow
Answer: determine the estimated costs and benefits for the life of the project and the products it produces
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Project Management
- Companies like Boeing, Kodak, and IBM are using which of the following for improving the estimating process?
- Which of the following is not one of the recommended guidelines for developing useful work package estimates?
- Which of the following would be considered a direct project cost?
- Project costs are typically viewed from all of the following except:
- Typical kinds of costs found in a project include
- The cost to prepare bottom-up estimates will typically run how much more than the costs to prepare the top-down estimates?
- The accuracy of bottom-up estimates will typically be in the range of
- The accuracy of top-down estimates will typically be in the range of
- Which of the following would be the best method for projects where the final product is not known and the uncertainty is very large?
- The approach that begins with a top-down estimate for the project and then refines estimates as the project is implemented is known as ______ method.
- Which of the following is not one of the bottom-up approaches to estimating project time and cost?
- Learning curves are more likely to apply in situations where most of the costs are
- Sean is forecasting the time and cost of developing a customized software program by looking at the number of inputs, outputs, inquires, files, and interfaces. Which of the following methods is he using?
- Jose is forecasting project time and cost for constructing a new building by multiplying the total square footage by a given dollar amount. Which of the following methods is he using?
- Which of the following methods is not considered a top-down approach to estimating project time and cost?
- ____ estimates are most likely to use low cost, efficient methods.
- Top-down estimates are most likely to occur during the ______ phase.
- Which of the following is a good condition for bottom-up estimating?
- Which of the following is a good condition for top-down estimating?
- Janet is forecasting how much money her department needs to support a new project. She estimates that two people and $25,000 in expenses will cover her needs. Because management typically insists on reducing forecasts by 20 percent, she increases her estimates to allow for that reduction. Which of the following factors is illustrated in this situation?
- Ed is looking over the actual results of projects and comparing them to what was estimated. He notices that projects that took six months or longer to complete were noticeably more off the estimates. Which of the following factors is he recognizing?
- Which of the following is not one of the factors that need to be considered to improve quality of estimates for project times and costs?
- A good starting point for developing time and cost estimates is
- A typical statement in actual practice is that estimates should have a probability of being met ______ of the time.
- In practice, estimating processes are frequently classified as